SAID使用手册

一．安装和设置步骤

1．安装前的准备

2．磁盘空间划分

3． BIOS设置

4．安装

5．启动Solaris操作系统

6．图形界面方案选择

7．登录Solaris

8．运行sys-unconfig命令，对系统重新进行设置

9． Xorg设置

二．附录

1．附录一 sys-unconfig用法

2．附录二 Solaris 10中进行xorg设置

一. 安装和设置步骤

1. 安装前的准备

为了应对安装过程中发生的不可预知情况，强烈建议在安装前先对现有系统进行备份。

2. 磁盘空间划分

1) 使用SAID安装Solaris，要求磁盘上已存在一个Solaris分区或一块未分配的磁盘空间。

a) 如果目前系统上只安装了Windows，那么磁盘上必须要有一块未分配的磁盘空间（大于8G Bytes）。因为Solaris安装程序需要一块未分配的磁盘空间来创建Solaris类型的fdisk主分区，用来存放Solaris操作系统。如果目前磁盘上所有空间都已分配，可用pqmagic或其它磁盘分区工具通过减小或删除已有分区来划分出一块未用的磁盘空间。另外，由于磁盘最多只允许有4个主分区，所以现有主分区数量不要多于3个，以预留一个主分区给Solaris。

b) 如果磁盘上原来已经安装了Solaris，并且Solaris分区的容量大于8G Bytes，则不需要进行对磁盘分区进行调整，SAID将在现有的Solaris分区上安装，原有Solaris系统将被覆盖掉。

2) 安装过程中，已有的FAT/FAT32/NTFS格式的分区将被保留，现有的Windows系统不会被破坏，而且在安装完Solaris 10后Windows系统仍然能被正常引导。而对于当前磁盘上已安装了其它Unix/Linux操作系统的情况，由于目前尚未进行相关测试，所以不能保证已有的Unix/Linux操作系统在安装完Solaris之后仍被保留。

3. BIOS设置

.在BIOS中将系统启动方式设置为光盘引导，保存设置，重新启动

4. 安装

.系统以光盘方式启动后，在Grub菜单中选择自动安装方式或者高级定制安装方式（缺省为自动安装方式）

.在License agreement页面中按回车键继续

.如果前面选择的是自动安装方式，在接下来的步骤中无需任何手工干预，直至安装完成

.如果前面选择的是高级定制方式，需先手动进行网络、语言、时区等系统标识信息的设置，以及磁盘、分区的定制，完成后安装过程继续

.安装结束后，光盘自动弹出。取出光盘，回车，系统将自动重启。

说明：如果选择的是自动安装方式，SAID将尝试通过dhcp方式进行网络设置，如果失败将设置成无网络方式。安装完成后可以使用IPtool（IP设置简易工具）对网络进行设置。

5. 启动Solaris操作系统

Solaris通过使用Grub程序来支持多系统的引导。开机自检过后，屏幕上将出现Grub引导界面，提示对操作系统进行选择，分别是：

Windows

Solaris 10 */** s10x_u*wos_*** X86

Solaris failsafe

选择第二项，启动Solaris 10。

说明：如果之前已经安装了Windows操作系统，Grub菜单中将自动创建Windows引导项。

6. 图形界面方案选择

启动Solaris系统的过程中，有时会弹出kdmconfig程序，提示Xorg和Xsun两种图形界面方案进行选择，一般选择Xorg方式即可。

7. 登录Solaris

以root用户登录，用户名：root；密码：root

8. （可选）运行sys-unconfig命令，对系统重新进行设置

当前系统的缺省设置如下：

Solaris磁盘分区信息：

c0d0s0 / 总的Solaris磁盘空间减去swap和/export/home所占空间

c0d0s1 swap 2GB

可运行sys-unconfig命令，对系统的Identification信息重新进行设置。具体过程见附录1：《sys-unconfig命令用法》。

9. （可选）Xorg设置

如果启动solaris后发现图形界面无法运行或显示的分辨率和颜色值不符合需要，可对Xorg设置进行定制。

/etc/X11/目录下提供了一些针对特定机型使用的xorg.conf模板文件。使用的时候将模板文件名改为xorg.conf，然后重新登录或重启系统。

也可以使用xorgconfig工具根据实际使用的显卡型号进行手工设置。xorgconfig工具的使用方法可参考附录2：《Solaris 10中进行xorg设置》。

二. 附录

1. 附录一 sys-unconfig命令用法

以root用户登录solaris后，在命令行提示符下输入

# sys-unconfig

回车，屏幕上出现如下提示

WARNING

This program will unconfigure your system. It will cause it

to revert to a "blank" system - it will not have a name or know

about other systems or networks.

This program will also halt the system.

Do you want to continue (y/n) ?

输入y，系统将重启。

重新启动Solaris后，将提示对系统重新进行设置，包括缺省语言、X Server、网络、时间等的设置。

========================================================================

(1) 语言选择。选择1，简体中文。回车，进入下一步

========================================================================

Select a Language

0.English

1.Simplified Chinese

Please make a choice (0 - 1),or press h or ? for help:

========================================================================

(2) 字符集选择。选择2。回车，进入下一步

========================================================================

Select a Locale

0.Simplified Chinese EUC

1.Simplified Chinese EUC

2.Simplified Chinese GB18030

3.Simplified Chinese GBK

4.Simplified Chinese GBK

5.Simplified Chinese UFT-8

6.Simplified Chinese UFT-8

7.Go Back to Previous Screen

Please make a choice (0 - 7),or press h or ? for help:

========================================================================

(3) X Server选择。通过上下键将光标移到Xorg server，回车选中。F2，进入下一步

========================================================================

kdmconfig - Introduction and X Server Selection

X Server Selection

----------------------

[X] Xorg server

[ ] Xsun server

F2_Continue F3_Exit F6_Help

========================================================================

(4) 网卡设置。系统自动找到网卡。以下步骤中，网卡名以****代表。回车，进入下一步

========================================================================

Configuring network interface addresses: **** (回车)

ipw0 (回车)

========================================================================

(4.1) 网络连接设置。选择Yes。F2，进入下一步

========================================================================

Network Connectivity

Networked

-----------

[X] Yes

[ ] No

F2_Continue F6_Help

========================================================================

(4.2) 如果有多块网卡，进行网卡选择。F2，进入下一步

========================================================================

Configure Multiple Network Interfaces

Network interfaces

--------------------

[X] iprb0

[ ] ipw0

F2_Continue F6_Help

========================================================================

(4.3) 是否使用DHCP。选择No，进入下一步

========================================================================

DHCP for ****

Use DHCP for ****

-----------

[ ] Yes

[X] No

F2_Continue F6_Help

========================================================================

(4.4) 设置网卡的主机名。输入自定义的主机名。F2，进入下一步

========================================================================

Host Name for ****

Host name for **** __________________

F2_Continue F6_Help

========================================================================

(4.5) 设置IP地址。输入IP地址。F2，进入下一步

========================================================================

IP Address for ****

IP Address for **** __________________

F2_Continue F6_Help

========================================================================

(4.6) 设置子网。选择Yes。F2，进入下一步

========================================================================

Subnet for ****

System part of a subnet

-----------

[X] Yes

[ ] No

F2_Continue F6_Help

========================================================================

(4.7) 子网掩码设置。输入子网掩码，缺省255.255.255.0。F2，进入下一步

========================================================================

Netmask for ****

Netmask for **** __________________

F2_Continue F6_Help

========================================================================

(4.8) 是否支持IPv6。缺省No。F2，进入下一步

========================================================================

IPv6 for ****

Enable IPv6 for ****

-----------

[ ] Yes

[X] No

F2_Continue F6_Help

========================================================================

(5) 对以上设置进行确认。F2，进入下一步；F4对前面的设置进行修改

========================================================================

Confirm Information for ****

F2_Continue F4_Change F6_Help

Configuring parameters , 25 seconds left to complete

========================================================================

(6) Kerberos安全设置。缺省No。F2，进入下一步

========================================================================

Configure Security Policy:

Specify Yes if the system will use the Kerberos security mechanism.

Specify No if this system will use standard UNIX security

Configure Kerberos Security

--------------------------------

[ ] Yes

[X] No

Confirm Information

F2_Continue F4_Change F6_Help

========================================================================

(7) 名字服务。选择None。F2，进入下一步

========================================================================

Name Service

Name service

----------------

[ ] NIS+

[ ] NIS

[ ] DNS

[ ] LDAP

[X] None

F2_Continue F6_Help

========================================================================

(8) 名字服务确认。F2，进入下一步

========================================================================

Confirm Information

F2_Continue F4_Change F6_Help

========================================================================

(9) 时区选择。选择Asia，进入下一步

========================================================================

Time Zone

Continents and Oceans

[ ] Africa

[ ] Americas

[ ] Antarctica

[ ] Arctic Ocean

[X] Asia

[ ] Atlantic Ocean

[ ] Australia

[ ] Europe

[ ] Indian Ocean

[ ] Pacific Ocean

[ ] other - offset from GMT

[ ] other - specify time zone file

========================================================================

(10) 国家和地区选择。选择China，进入下一步

========================================================================

Country or Gegion

Countries and Regions

[ ] Afghanistan

[ ] Amenia

[ ] ......

[ ] Arctic

[X] China

[ ] ......

[ ]

========================================================================

(11) 日期时间设置。F2，进入下一步

========================================================================

Date and Time

> Accept the default date and time or enter new values.

Date and time : 2006-02-15 15:38

Year (4 digits) : 2006

Month (1-12) : 02

Day (1-31) : 15

Hour (0-23) : 15

Minute (0-59) : 38

========================================================================

(12) 时区和时间确认。F2，进入下一步

========================================================================

Confirm Information

......

F2_Continue F4_Change F6_Help

========================================================================

(13) 设置root密码。输入密码。或直接F2，进入下一步

========================================================================

Root Password: ________________

F2_Continue F6_Help

========================================================================

(14) 设置完成。问是否覆盖缺省的NFS域名。缺省no。回车，自动重启

========================================================================

System identification is completed.

Do you need to override the system's default NFS version 4 domain name (yes/no) ? [no] : __

rebooting system due to change the file /etc/init

========================================================================

(15) 完

========================================================================

2. 附录二 Solaris 10中进行Xorg设置

一. Xorg简介

Xorg是Solaris 10使用的图形界面方案。Solaris 10在启动时，会根据监测到的显示设备（显卡，显示器）的型号，生成一个.xorg.conf文件（隐藏文件，需运行ls -a才能看到），并将其存放在/etc/X11目录下。在进入图形界面时，系统根据该文件的内容，加载相应的显示设备的驱动程序，并进行相关的配置。但使用系统自动生成的缺省.xorg.conf文件，有时会遇到显示的分辨率和颜色值较低，甚至图形界面无法进入的问题。这时可使用Solaris 10提供的xorgconfig工具，根据实际使用的显示设备的型号手动生成一个xorg.conf文件，同样存放在/etc/X11目录下。这样,系统在加载图形界面的时候，将优先使用xorg.conf文件而忽略.xorg.conf文件。

在较早的版本中，Solaris使用的是XSun图形界面方案。在Solaris 10中，同时支持XOrg和XSun两种方式，可使用kdmconfig命令进行选择。

二. xorg.conf文件

xorg.conf文件的格式比较复杂，一般不直接对其进行编辑，而使用xorgconfig来自动生成。

三. xorgconfig使用说明

xorgconfig程序位于/usr/X11/bin/目录下。运行xorgconfig过程中，每一个步骤都有相应的操作提示。除了对显示器和显卡的设置之外，还有对鼠标和键盘进行设置的步骤。

# /usr/X11/bin/xorgconfig

========================================================================

(1) 程序原理说明，回车，进入下一步

========================================================================

This program will create a basic xorg.conf file, based on menu selections

you make. This program will ask for a pathname when it is ready to write

the file.

The xorg.conf file usually resides in /etc/X11. If no xorg.conf file

is present there, Xorg will probe the system to autoconfigure itself.

You can run Xorg -configure to generate a xorg.conf file based on

the results of autoconfiguration, or let this program produce a base

xorg.conf file for your configuration and fine-tune it.

Before continuing with this program, make sure you know what video card

you have, and preferably also the chipset it uses and the amount of video

memory on your video card, as well as the specifications of your monitor.

Press enter to continue, or ctrl-c to abort.

========================================================================

(2) 选择鼠标类型，建议选1

========================================================================

First specify a mouse protocol type. Choose one from the following list:

1. Auto

2. VUID

3. SysMouse

4. MouseSystems

5. PS/2

6. Microsoft

7. Busmouse

8. IMPS/2

9. ExplorerPS/2

10. GlidePointPS/2

11. MouseManPlusPS/2

12. NetMousePS/2

13. NetScrollPS/2

14. ThinkingMousePS/2

The recommended protocol is Auto. If you have a very old mouse

or don't want OS support or auto detection, and you have a two-button

or three-button serial mouse, it is most likely of type Microsoft.

Enter a protocol number:

========================================================================

(2.1) 是否模拟三键鼠标，输入y，回车

========================================================================

If your mouse has only two buttons, it is recommended that you enable

Emulate3Buttons.

Please answer the following question with either 'y' or 'n'.

========================================================================

2.2) 输入鼠标的设备名，回车使用默认的/dev/mouse(或/dev/kdmouse)；

========================================================================

Now give the full device name that the mouse is connected to, for example

/dev/tty00. Just pressing enter will use the default, /dev/mouse.

Mouse device:

========================================================================

(3) 选择键盘类型，建议选7

========================================================================

description of your keyboard. If nothing really matches,

choose 1 (Generic 101-key PC)

1 Sun Type 6 USB

2 Sun Type 6 USB (European layout)

3 Sun Type 6 USB (Japanese layout)

4 Sun Type 6 USB (Unix layout)

5 Generic 101-key PC

6 Generic 102-key (Intl) PC

7 Generic 104-key PC

8 Generic 105-key (Intl) PC

9 Sun Type 4

10 Sun Type 4 (Canadian layout)

11 Sun Type 4 (Japanese layout)

12 Sun Type 4 (European layout)

13 Sun Type 5

14 Sun Type 5 (European layout)

15 Sun Type 5 (Japanese layout)

16 Sun Type 5 (Unix layout)

Enter a number to choose the keyboard.

Press enter for the next page

========================================================================

(3.1) 选择键盘布局，选1

========================================================================

1 U.S. English

2 U.S. English w/ ISO9995-3

3 U.S. English w/ deadkeys

4 Albanian

5 Arabic

6 Armenian

7 Azerbaijani

8 Belarusian

9 Belgian

10 Bengali

11 Bosnian

12 Brazilian

13 Bulgarian

14 Burmese

15 Canadian

16 French Canadian

17 Croatian

18 Croatian (US)

Enter a number to choose the country.

Press enter for the next page

========================================================================

(3.2) 提示输入键盘变量名，回车使用缺省变量即可

========================================================================

Please enter a variant name for 'us' layout. Or just press enter

for default variant

========================================================================

(3.3) 是否使用XKB管理键盘输入，y或n均可

========================================================================

Please answer the following question with either 'y' or 'n'.

Do you want to select additional XKB options (group switcher,

group indicator, etc.)?

Enter your choice:

========================================================================

(4) 下面进行显示器设置，回车继续

========================================================================

Now we want to set the specifications of the monitor. The two critical

parameters are the vertical refresh rate, which is the rate at which the

the whole screen is refreshed, and most importantly the horizontal sync rate,

which is the rate at which scanlines are displayed.

The valid range for horizontal sync and vertical sync should be documented

in the manual of your monitor. If in doubt, check the monitor database

/usr/X11/share/doc/Monitors to see if your monitor is there.

Press enter to continue, or ctrl-c to abort.

========================================================================

(4.1) 选择显示器水平同步频率，根据显示器支持的分辨率和刷新频率进行选择

========================================================================

You must indicate the horizontal sync range of your monitor. You can either

select one of the predefined ranges below that correspond to industry-

standard monitor types, or give a specific range.

It is VERY IMPORTANT that you do not specify a monitor type with a horizontal

sync range that is beyond the capabilities of your monitor. If in doubt,

choose a conservative setting.

hsync in kHz; monitor type with characteristic modes

1 31.5; Standard VGA, 640x480 @ 60 Hz

2 31.5 - 35.1; Super VGA, 800x600 @ 56 Hz

3 31.5, 35.5; 8514 Compatible, 1024x768 @ 87 Hz interlaced (no 800x600)

4 31.5, 35.15, 35.5; Super VGA, 1024x768 @ 87 Hz interlaced, 800x600 @ 56 Hz

5 31.5 - 37.9; Extended Super VGA, 800x600 @ 60 Hz, 640x480 @ 72 Hz

6 31.5 - 48.5; Non-Interlaced SVGA, 1024x768 @ 60 Hz, 800x600 @ 72 Hz

7 31.5 - 57.0; High Frequency SVGA, 1024x768 @ 70 Hz

8 31.5 - 64.3; Monitor that can do 1280x1024 @ 60 Hz

9 31.5 - 79.0; Monitor that can do 1280x1024 @ 74 Hz

10 31.5 - 82.0; Monitor that can do 1280x1024 @ 76 Hz

11 Enter your own horizontal sync range

Enter your choice:

========================================================================

(4.2) 选择显示器刷新频率，建议选2

========================================================================

You must indicate the vertical sync range of your monitor. You can either

select one of the predefined ranges below that correspond to industry-

standard monitor types, or give a specific range. For interlaced modes,

the number that counts is the high one (e.g. 87 Hz rather than 43 Hz).

1 50-70

2 50-90

3 50-100

4 40-150

5 Enter your own vertical sync range

Enter your choice:

========================================================================

(5) 选择显卡类型，输入一个描述符，可以直接回车继续

========================================================================

You must now enter a few identification/description strings, namely an

identifier, a vendor name, and a model name. Just pressing enter will fill

in default names.

The strings are free-form, spaces are allowed.

Enter an identifier for your monitor definition:

========================================================================

(5.1) 是否查看显卡模块数据库选择一个合适的模块，输入y；

========================================================================

Now we must configure video card specific settings. At this point you can

choose to make a selection out of a database of video card definitions.

Because there can be variation in Ramdacs and clock generators even

between cards of the same model, it is not sensible to blindly copy

the settings (e.g. a Device section). For this reason, after you make a

selection, you will still be asked about the components of the card, with

the settings from the chosen database entry presented as a strong hint.

The database entries include information about the chipset, what driver to

run, the Ramdac and ClockChip, and comments that will be included in the

Device section. However, a lot of definitions only hint about what driver

to run (based on the chipset the card uses) and are untested.

If you can't find your card in the database, there's nothing to worry about.

You should only choose a database entry that is exactly the same model as

your card; choosing one that looks similar is just a bad idea (e.g. a

GemStone Snail 64 may be as different from a GemStone Snail 64+ in terms of

hardware as can be).

Do you want to look at the card database?

========================================================================

(5.2) 回车翻页，找到所使用显卡的型号，输入相应序号

========================================================================

18 ** NVIDIA (generic) [nv] -

19 ** NeoMagic (generic) [neomagic] -

20 ** Number Nine I128 (generic) [i128] -

21 ** Rendition (generic) [rendition] -

22 ** S3 (not ViRGE or Savage) (generic) [s3] -

23 ** S3 Savage (generic) [savage] -

24 ** S3 ViRGE (generic) [s3virge] -

25 ** SiS (generic) [sis] -

26 ** Silicon Motion (generic) [siliconmotion]-

27 ** Trident (generic) [trident] -

28 ** Tseng Labs (generic) [tseng] -

29 ** VMWare guest OS (generic) [vmware] -

30 2 the Max MAXColor S3 Trio64V+ -

31 2-the-Max MAXColor 6000 ET6000

32 3DLabs Oxygen GMX PERMEDIA 2

33 928Movie S3 928

34 AGX (generic) AGX-014/15/16

35 ALG-5434(E) CL-GD5434

========================================================================

(5.3) 确认选择的Xorg显示驱动模块，直接回车继续

========================================================================

Enter a number to choose the corresponding card definition.

Press enter for the next page, q to continue configuration.

Your selected card definition:

Identifier: ** XXXX

Chipset: -

Driver: XXXX

Press enter to continue, or ctrl-c to abort.

========================================================================

(5.4) 再次要求输入显卡描述符